KeyPath: ключевые понятия и типизированный доступ

struct Person: Codable {
    let name: String
    let age: Int
    var isActive: Bool
}

// KeyPath (read-only)
let namePath: KeyPath<Person, String> = \Person.name
let person = Person(name: "Alice", age: 30, isActive: true)
let name = person[keyPath: namePath]

// WritableKeyPath for value type
var mutablePerson = Person(name: "Bob", age: 25, isActive: false)
let writablePath: WritableKeyPath<Person, Bool> = \Person.isActive
mutablePerson[keyPath: writablePath] = true

// ReferenceWritableKeyPath for class
class User: NSObject {
    @objc dynamic var name: String = ""
}
let user = User()
let refPath: ReferenceWritableKeyPath<User, String> = \User.name
user[keyPath: refPath] = "Charlie"

import Combine

class SettingsViewModel: ObservableObject {
    @Published var volume: Float = 0.5
    var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
    
    func bindSlider(publisher: AnyPublisher<Float, Never>) {
        publisher
            .assign(to: \SettingsViewModel.volume, on: self)
            .store(in: &cancellables)
    }
}

extension Sequence {
    func sorted<Value: Comparable>(
        by keyPath: KeyPath<Element, Value>,
        ascending: Bool = true
    ) -> [Element] {
        ascending
            ? self.sorted { $0[keyPath: keyPath] < $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
            : self.sorted { $0[keyPath: keyPath] > $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
    }
}

let sortedByName = people.sorted(by: \Person.name)
let sortedByAgeDesc = people.sorted(by: \Person.age, ascending: false)

protocol Configurable {
    func apply(_ keyPath: any PartialKeyPath<Self>, value: any)
}

extension Configurable {
    func configure(_ pairs: (any KeyPath<Self, any>, any)...) {
        for (path, value) in pairs {
            apply(path, value: value)
        }
    }
}

extension Person: Configurable { }
// Allows configuring properties via AnyKeyPath

func readWithKeyPath(person: Person) -> String {
    person[keyPath: \Person.name]
}

func readWithKVC(person: Person) -> String {
    person.value(forKey: "name") as! String
}