StateFlow — 본질, Android에서 StateFlow vs LiveData

class TimerViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _seconds = MutableStateFlow(0)
    val seconds: StateFlow<Int> get() = _seconds

    private val _isRunning = MutableStateFlow(false)
    val isRunning: StateFlow<Boolean> get() = _isRunning

    private var job: Job? = null

    fun start() {
        if (_isRunning.value) return
        _isRunning.value = true
        job = viewModelScope.launch {
            while (_isRunning.value) {
                delay(1000)
                _seconds.value++
            }
        }
    }

    fun stop() {
        _isRunning.value = false
        job?.cancel()
    }
}

// 권장 화면 상태 구조
sealed interface ProfileState {
    data object Loading : ProfileState
    data class Success(
        val name: String,
        val email: String,
        val avatarUrl: String
    ) : ProfileState
    data class Error(val message: String) : ProfileState
}

class ProfileViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _state = MutableStateFlow<ProfileState>(ProfileState.Loading)
    val state: StateFlow<ProfileState> get() = _state

    fun loadProfile(userId: String) {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _state.value = ProfileState.Loading
            try {
                val profile = repository.getProfile(userId)
                _state.value = ProfileState.Success(
                    name = profile.name,
                    email = profile.email,
                    avatarUrl = profile.avatarUrl
                )
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                _state.value = ProfileState.Error(e.message ?: "Unknown error")
            }
        }
    }
}

// SharingStarted의 세 가지 전략:

// 1. SharingStarted.Eagerly — 즉시 시작, 중단되지 않음
val eagerFlow = coldFlow.stateIn(
    scope = viewModelScope,
    started = SharingStarted.Eagerly,
    initialValue = 0
)

// 2. SharingStarted.Lazily — 첫 번째 구독자에서 시작, 중단되지 않음
val lazyFlow = coldFlow.stateIn(
    scope = viewModelScope,
    started = SharingStarted.Lazily,
    initialValue = 0
)

// 3. SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed() — 구독자가 있을 때 시작,
//    마지막 구독자가 떠난 후 stopTimeoutMillis(기본값 0) 후 중단
val whileSubscribedFlow = coldFlow.stateIn(
    scope = viewModelScope,
    started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(stopTimeoutMillis = 5000),
    initialValue = 0
)

sealed interface SearchUiState {
    data object Empty : SearchUiState
    data object Loading : SearchUiState
    data class Results(val items: List<Product>) : SearchUiState
    data class Error(val message: String) : SearchUiState
}

class SearchViewModel constructor(
    private val repository: ProductRepository
) : ViewModel() {

    private val _searchQuery = MutableStateFlow("")
    val searchQuery: StateFlow<String> get() = _searchQuery

    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow<SearchUiState>(SearchUiState.Empty)
    val uiState: StateFlow<SearchUiState> get() = _uiState

    init {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _searchQuery
                .debounce(300)
                .filter { it.length >= 3 }
                .flatMapLatest { query ->
                    _uiState.value = SearchUiState.Loading
                    repository.searchProducts(query)
                }
                .collect { products ->
                    _uiState.value = SearchUiState.Results(products)
                }
        }
    }

    fun onQueryChanged(query: String) {
        _searchQuery.value = query
    }
}

// Compose에서:
@Composable
fun SearchScreen(viewModel: SearchViewModel = hiltViewModel()) {
    val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsState()
    // ... Loading, Results, Error 상태에 반응하는 UI
}

@Dao
interface OrderDao {
    @Query("SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = :status")
    fun getOrdersByStatus(status: String): Flow<List<Order>>
}

class OrderViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application) {
    private val dao = AppDatabase.getDatabase(application).orderDao()

    val activeOrders: StateFlow<List<Order>> = dao.getOrdersByStatus("active")
        .stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), emptyList())

    val summary: StateFlow<OrderSummary> = combine(
        dao.getOrdersByStatus("active"),
        dao.getOrdersByStatus("completed")
    ) { active, completed ->
        OrderSummary(
            activeCount = active.size,
            completedCount = completed.size,
            totalAmount = (active + completed).sumOf { it.amount }
        )
    }.stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5000), OrderSummary(0, 0, 0.0))
}