UICollectionView — ماهیت، مجموعه‌ها و FlowLayout در iOS

// UICollectionView پایه با FlowLayout
class ViewController: UIViewController {

    private var collectionView: UICollectionView!

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        let layout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
        layout.scrollDirection = .vertical
        layout.minimumInteritemSpacing = 8
        layout.minimumLineSpacing = 12
        layout.sectionInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 16, left: 16, bottom: 16, right: 16)
        layout.itemSize = CGSize(width: view.frame.width - 32, height: 100)

        collectionView = UICollectionView(frame: view.bounds, collectionViewLayout: layout)
        collectionView.register(CustomCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "cell")
        collectionView.dataSource = self
        view.addSubview(collectionView)
    }
}

// DataSource
extension ViewController: UICollectionViewDataSource {
    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView,
                         numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int { 20 }

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView,
                         cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {
        let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "cell", for: indexPath)
        as! CustomCell
        cell.configure(with: "Item \(indexPath.row)")
        return cell
    }
}

// سلول سفارشی با پیکربندی
class ProductCell: UICollectionViewCell {

    private let imageView = UIImageView()
    private let titleLabel = UILabel()
    private let priceLabel = UILabel()

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        setupViews()
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    private func setupViews() {
        contentView.addSubview(imageView)
        contentView.addSubview(titleLabel)
        contentView.addSubview(priceLabel)

        // Auto Layout constraints
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.topAnchor),
            imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.leadingAnchor),
            imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.trailingAnchor),
            imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: imageView.widthAnchor),
            titleLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: imageView.bottomAnchor, constant: 8),
            titleLabel.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.leadingAnchor, constant: 8),
            titleLabel.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.trailingAnchor, constant: -8),
            priceLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: titleLabel.bottomAnchor, constant: 4),
            priceLabel.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.leadingAnchor, constant: 8)
        ])
    }

    func configure(with product: Product) {
        imageView.image = UIImage(named: product.imageName)
        titleLabel.text = product.title
        priceLabel.text = product.price
    }
}

// DiffableDataSource با بخش‌ها
enum Section {
    case featured, recommended, categories
}

class ModernDataSource: UIViewController {

    private var dataSource: UICollectionViewDiffableDataSource<Section, Product>!

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        configureDataSource()
        applyInitialSnapshot()
    }

    private func configureDataSource() {
        let cellRegistration = UICollectionView.CellRegistration<ProductCell, Product> { cell, _, product in
            cell.configure(with: product)
        }

        dataSource = UICollectionViewDiffableDataSource(collectionView: collectionView) {
            collectionView, indexPath, product in
            collectionView.dequeueConfiguredReusableCell(
                using: cellRegistration, for: indexPath, item: product
            )
        }
    }

    private func applyInitialSnapshot() {
        var snapshot = NSDiffableDataSourceSnapshot<Section, Product>()
        snapshot.appendSections([.featured, .recommended, .categories])
        snapshot.appendItems(featuredProducts, toSection: .featured)
        snapshot.appendItems(recommendedProducts, toSection: .recommended)
        snapshot.appendItems(categories, toSection: .categories)
        dataSource.apply(snapshot, animatingDifferences: true)
    }

    // به‌روزرسانی با انیمیشن خودکار
    func updateProducts(_ products: [Product]) {
        var snapshot = dataSource.snapshot()
        snapshot.deleteItems(snapshot.itemIdentifiers)
        snapshot.appendItems(products)
        dataSource.apply(snapshot, animatingDifferences: true)
    }
}

// طرح دایره‌ای سفارشی
class CircularLayout: UICollectionViewLayout {

    private var attributesCache: [UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes] = []

    private let radius: CGFloat = 120

    override func prepare() {
        super.prepare()
        attributesCache.removeAll()

        guard let collectionView else { return }
        let count = collectionView.numberOfItems(inSection: 0)
        let center = CGPoint(x: collectionView.bounds.midX, y: collectionView.bounds.midY)

        for i in 0..<count {
            let indexPath = IndexPath(item: i, section: 0)
            let attributes = UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes(forCellWith: indexPath)
            let angle = (CGFloat(i) / CGFloat(count)) * 2 * .pi

            attributes.center = CGPoint(
                x: center.x + radius * cos(angle),
                y: center.y + radius * sin(angle)
            )
            attributes.size = CGSize(width: 60, height: 60)
            attributesCache.append(attributes)
        }
    }

    override var collectionViewContentSize: CGSize {
        collectionView?.bounds.size ?? .zero
    }

    override func layoutAttributesForElements(in rect: CGRect) -> [UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes]? {
        attributesCache.filter { $0.frame.intersects(rect) }
    }

    override func layoutAttributesForItem(at indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewLayoutAttributes? {
        attributesCache[indexPath.item]
    }
}