Siri Intent: ключові поняття, SiriKit та інтеграція з Siri

Що таке Siri Intent

Siri Intent це механізм, що дозволяє iOS-додатку обробляти голосові команди, вимовлені користувачем через Siri. Коли користувач каже “Siri, send a message to Ivan on Telegram,” Siri розпізнає intent (INSendMessageIntent), визначає додаток, який може його обробити (Telegram), передає параметри (contact “Ivan,” message text), і запускає IntentHandler додатку. Весь процес займає 0.5–2 seconds і не потребує відкриття додатку.

Архітектура Siri Intent includes three components. The first is the .intentdefinition file, which describes the intent structure: parameters (String, Integer, INPerson), trigger phrases, and responses. The second is IntentHandler, which implements the handling protocol: receives parameters, performs the action (e.g., sends a message through the app API), and returns an INInteraction with a result code. The third is Intents Extension, a separate target in Xcode that runs in its own process. Siri launches the Intents Extension on a voice request, passes it data, and receives the result. The Extension has no UI — it runs in the background and must complete within 5–10 seconds.

Siri Intent use cases: sending messages (INSendMessageIntent), making calls (INStartCallIntent), sending payments (INSendPaymentIntent), creating notes (INCreateNoteIntent), workouts (INStartWorkoutIntent), photos (INSearchForPhotosIntent), booking trips (INBookRestaurantReservationIntent), car functions (INSetCarLockStatusIntent). Each domain has a strict parameter schema and limitations defined by Apple for security.

SiriKit: архітектура та домени

SiriKit is a framework introduced by Apple in iOS 10 (2016). It provides ready-made domains (Intents) for typical actions: messages, calls, payments, notes, reminders, photos, workouts, booking, car functions, search. For each domain, Apple defined a set of Intent classes (INSendMessageIntent, INStartCallIntent) that the app implements through IntentHandler. SiriKit automatically generates a UI confirmation before execution (for payments and messages, confirmation is mandatory).

SiriKit Domains:

• Messages — INSendMessageIntent, INSearchForMessagesIntent, INSetMessageAttributeIntent
• Calls — INStartCallIntent, INSearchForCallHistoryIntent
• Payments — INSendPaymentIntent, INRequestPaymentIntent
• Notes — INCreateNoteIntent, INSearchForNotesIntent, INAddTasksIntent
• Reminders — INCreateTaskListIntent, INAddTasksIntent, INSetTaskAttributeIntent
• Workouts — INStartWorkoutIntent, INPauseWorkoutIntent, INEndWorkoutIntent
• Photos — INSearchForPhotosIntent, INStartPhotoPlaybackIntent
• CarPlay — INSetCarLockStatusIntent, INGetCarLockStatusIntent
• Search — INSearchForMessagesIntent, INSearchForNotebookItemsIntent

SiriKit limitations: developers cannot create custom domains — they can only use predefined ones. This limitation was resolved in iOS 16 with the introduction of App Intents, which allows creating arbitrary voice commands for any app actions.

App Intents: новий фреймворк

App Intents is an Apple framework introduced in iOS 16 (2022) and significantly expanded in iOS 17–18. Unlike SiriKit with its fixed domains, App Intents allows developers to define their own voice commands for any app actions: “Siri, add milk to the shopping list in AnyList,” “Siri, schedule a meeting in Fantastical,” “Siri, turn on the living room light in Home.” Custom intents are defined through the AppIntent protocol with parameters, phrases, and a confirmation scheme.

App Intents Components:

• AppIntent — a protocol for describing an action: title, description, parameters, perform()
• IntentParameter — command parameters with types (String, Int, URL, Entity, Measurement)
• IntentDialog — dialogs for Siri: confirmation request, success or error response
• WidgetIntent — a subset of App Intents for handling widget taps (iOS 17+)
• Shortcuts — App Intents automatically integrate with the Shortcuts app

App Intents vs SiriKit: the main difference is flexibility. SiriKit is limited to 10 domains, App Intents allows creating any commands. SiriKit requires a separate Intents Extension target, App Intents works inside the main app. SiriKit uses Intents.framework (Objective-C/Swift), App Intents uses a new declarative Swift syntax with @Intent and @Parameter macros. According to Apple, App Intents is used in 70% of new projects with Siri support as of 2025.

Приклад коду: Swift Intents

An example of creating a custom App Intent for adding a note to the app. Demonstrates the modern approach using the App Intents framework in iOS 16+.

import AppIntents

// 1. Користувацький Intent для додавання нотатки
struct AddNoteIntent: AppIntent {
    // Назва команди (видна в Shortcuts)
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Додати нотатку"

    // Опис команди
    static var description: LocalizedStringResource = "Створює нову нотатку в додатку"

    // Параметри команди
    @Parameter(title: "Текст нотатки")
    var noteContent: String

    @Parameter(title: "Категорія", default: "Загальне")
    var category: String

    // Виконання дії
    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        // Створення нотатки через локальне сховище
        let note = Note(content: noteContent, category: category)
        try await NoteStore.shared.save(note)

        // Повернення результату з діалогом для Siri
        return .result(
            dialog: .response("Нотатку "(noteContent)" створено")
        )
    }
}

// 2. App Shortcut Provider — реєстрація команд
struct NotesShortcuts: AppShortcutsProvider {
    @AppShortcutsBuilder
    static var appShortcuts: [AppShortcut] {
        AppShortcut(
            intent: AddNoteIntent(),
            phrases: [
                "Додати нотатку до (.applicationName)",
                "Створити нотатку з (\.$noteContent) в (.applicationName)",
                "Записати (\.$noteContent) в (.applicationName)",
            ]
        )
    }
}

// 3. Intent SiriKit для повідомлень (класичний підхід)
class MessageIntentHandler: NSObject, INSendMessageIntentHandling {

    func resolveRecipients(
        for intent: INSendMessageIntent,
        completion: @escaping ([INPersonResolutionResult]) -> Void
    ) {
        guard let recipients = intent.recipients else {
            completion([.needsRequired()])
            return
        }
        // Вирішення контактів через адресну книгу додатку
        let results = recipients.map { INPersonResolutionResult.success(with: $0) }
        completion(results)
    }

    func handle(
        intent: INSendMessageIntent,
        completion: @escaping (INSendMessageIntentResponse) -> Void
    ) {
        // Відправлення повідомлення через API додатку
        let response = INSendMessageIntentResponse(
            code: .success, userActivity: nil
        )
        completion(response)
    }
}

Key points: AppIntent — protocol for custom voice commands; @Parameter — macro defining command parameters; perform() — method that executes the action and returns a result with a dialog for Siri; AppShortcutsProvider — registers the app’s commands in Siri and Shortcuts; INSendMessageIntentHandling — SiriKit protocol for handling the message domain. Trigger phrases are set via .applicationName and \.$parameter for variability.

Рекомендації та обмеження

Recommendations for creating Siri Intents: define clear trigger phrases with pronunciation variants; return informative dialog after execution (success/error); handle cases of incomplete parameters through resolve methods with clarification requests; save INInteraction after execution for Siri learning; test on a real device (the simulator does not support Siri). For App Intents, use @Intent with inAppSearchKeywords to improve recognition.

Limitations: SiriKit Intents are limited to 10 domains. Intents Extension runs with a 5–10 second limit — if exceeded, Siri reports an error. Siri Intent has no UI — all interface is generated by Siri. App Intents are only available on iOS 16+ (~85% device coverage as of 2026). For supporting iOS 13–15, SiriKit must be used. Privacy: Siri does not transmit audio recordings to the app — only the recognized parameter text. For sensitive actions (payments, messages), user confirmation is mandatory.

Performance and debugging: Intents Extension runs in a separate process with a memory limit of 30–50 MB. For debugging, use the “Intents Extension” scheme in Xcode attached to the Siri process. Logs are output to the device console. App Intents are debugged through the Shortcuts app on the device. INInteraction is saved locally and used by Siri for suggestions — delete outdated interactions via INInteraction delete.