Siri Intent: 主要概念、SiriKit、Siri連携

Siri Intent とは

Siri Intent is a mechanism that allows an iOS app to process voice commands spoken by the user through Siri. When the user says “Siri, send a message to Ivan on Telegram,” Siri recognizes the intent (INSendMessageIntent), identifies the app that can handle it (Telegram), passes the parameters (contact “Ivan,” message text), and launches the app’s IntentHandler. The entire process takes 0.5–2 seconds and does not require opening the app.

The architecture of Siri Intent includes three components. The first is the .intentdefinition file, which describes the intent structure: parameters (String, Integer, INPerson), trigger phrases, and responses. The second is IntentHandler, which implements the handling protocol: receives parameters, performs the action (e.g., sends a message through the app API), and returns an INInteraction with a result code. The third is Intents Extension, a separate target in Xcode that runs in its own process. Siri launches the Intents Extension on a voice request, passes it data, and receives the result. The Extension has no UI — it runs in the background and must complete within 5–10 seconds.

Siri Intent use cases: sending messages (INSendMessageIntent), making calls (INStartCallIntent), sending payments (INSendPaymentIntent), creating notes (INCreateNoteIntent), workouts (INStartWorkoutIntent), photos (IN検索For写真Intent), booking trips (INBookRestaurantReservationIntent), car functions (INSetCarLockStatusIntent). Each domain has a strict parameter schema and limitations defined by Apple for security.

SiriKit: アーキテクチャとドメイン

SiriKit is a framework introduced by Apple in iOS 10 (2016). It provides ready-made domains (Intents) for typical actions: messages, calls, payments, notes, reminders, photos, workouts, booking, car functions, search. For each domain, Apple defined a set of Intent classes (INSendMessageIntent, INStartCallIntent) that the app implements through IntentHandler. SiriKit automatically generates a UI confirmation before execution (for payments and messages, confirmation is mandatory).

SiriKit Domains:

• メッセージ — INSendMessageIntent, IN検索ForメッセージIntent, INSetMessageAttributeIntent
• 通話 — INStartCallIntent, IN検索ForCallHistoryIntent
• 支払い — INSendPaymentIntent, INRequestPaymentIntent
• メモ — INCreateNoteIntent, IN検索ForメモIntent, INAddTasksIntent
• リマインダー — INCreateTaskListIntent, INAddTasksIntent, INSetTaskAttributeIntent
• ワークアウト — INStartWorkoutIntent, INPauseWorkoutIntent, INEndWorkoutIntent
• 写真 — IN検索For写真Intent, INStartPhotoPlaybackIntent
• CarPlay — INSetCarLockStatusIntent, INGetCarLockStatusIntent
• 検索 — IN検索ForメッセージIntent, IN検索ForNotebookItemsIntent

SiriKit limitations: developers cannot create custom domains — they can only use predefined ones. This limitation was resolved in iOS 16 with the introduction of App Intents, which allows creating arbitrary voice commands for any app actions.

App Intents: 新しいフレームワーク

App Intents is an Apple framework introduced in iOS 16 (2022) and significantly expanded in iOS 17–18. Unlike SiriKit with its fixed domains, App Intents allows developers to define their own voice commands for any app actions: “Siri, add milk to the shopping list in AnyList,” “Siri, schedule a meeting in Fantastical,” “Siri, turn on the living room light in Home.” Custom intents are defined through the AppIntent protocol with parameters, phrases, and a confirmation scheme.

App Intents Components:

• AppIntent — a protocol for describing an action: title, description, parameters, perform()
• IntentParameter — command parameters with types (String, Int, URL, Entity, Measurement)
• IntentDialog — dialogs for Siri: confirmation request, success or error response
• WidgetIntent — a subset of App Intents for handling widget taps (iOS 17+)
• Shortcuts — App Intents automatically integrate with the Shortcuts app

App Intents vs SiriKit: the main difference is flexibility. SiriKit is limited to 10 domains, App Intents allows creating any commands. SiriKit requires a separate Intents Extension target, App Intents works inside the main app. SiriKit uses Intents.framework (Objective-C/Swift), App Intents uses a new declarative Swift syntax with @Intent and @Parameter macros. According to Apple, App Intents is used in 70% of new projects with Siri support as of 2025.

コード例: Swift Intents

An example of creating a custom App Intent for adding a note to the app. Demonstrates the modern approach using the App Intents framework in iOS 16+.

import AppIntents

// 1. メモを追加するためのカスタム Intent
struct AddNoteIntent: AppIntent {
    // コマンド名 (Shortcuts に表示)
    static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "メモを追加"

    // コマンドの説明
    static var description: LocalizedStringResource = "アプリに新しいメモを作成"

    // コマンドパラメータ
    @Parameter(title: "メモのテキスト")
    var noteContent: String

    @Parameter(title: "カテゴリ", default: "一般")
    var category: String

    // アクションの実行
    func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
        // ローカルストレージを通じてメモを作成
        let note = Note(content: noteContent, category: category)
        try await NoteStore.shared.save(note)

        // Siri へのダイアログで結果を返す
        return .result(
            dialog: .response("メモ "(noteContent)" が作成されました")
        )
    }
}

// 2. App Shortcut Provider — コマンドの登録
struct NotesShortcuts: AppShortcutsProvider {
    @AppShortcutsBuilder
    static var appShortcuts: [AppShortcut] {
        AppShortcut(
            intent: AddNoteIntent(),
            phrases: [
                "(.applicationName) にメモを追加",
                "(.applicationName) で (.$noteContent) でメモを作成",
                "(.applicationName) で (.$noteContent) を書く",
            ]
        )
    }
}

// 3. メッセージ用 SiriKit Intent (クラシックなアプローチ)
class MessageIntentHandler: NSObject, INSendMessageIntentHandling {

    func resolveRecipients(
        for intent: INSendMessageIntent,
        completion: @escaping ([INPersonResolutionResult]) -> Void
    ) {
        guard let recipients = intent.recipients else {
            completion([.needsRequired()])
            return
        }
        // アプリの住所録を通じて連絡先を解決
        let results = recipients.map { INPersonResolutionResult.success(with: $0) }
        completion(results)
    }

    func handle(
        intent: INSendMessageIntent,
        completion: @escaping (INSendMessageIntentResponse) -> Void
    ) {
        // アプリ API を通じてメッセージを送信
        let response = INSendMessageIntentResponse(
            code: .success, userActivity: nil
        )
        completion(response)
    }
}

Key points: AppIntent — protocol for custom voice commands; @Parameter — macro defining command parameters; perform() — method that executes the action and returns a result with a dialog for Siri; AppShortcutsProvider — registers the app’s commands in Siri and Shortcuts; INSendMessageIntentHandling — SiriKit protocol for handling the message domain. Trigger phrases are set via .applicationName and \.$parameter for variability.

推奨事項と制限

Recommendations for creating Siri Intents: define clear trigger phrases with pronunciation variants; return informative dialog after execution (success/error); handle cases of incomplete parameters through resolve methods with clarification requests; save INInteraction after execution for Siri learning; test on a real device (the simulator does not support Siri). For App Intents, use @Intent with inApp検索Keywords to improve recognition.

Limitations: SiriKit Intents are limited to 10 domains. Intents Extension runs with a 5–10 second limit — if exceeded, Siri reports an error. Siri Intent has no UI — all interface is generated by Siri. App Intents are only available on iOS 16+ (~85% device coverage as of 2026). For supporting iOS 13–15, SiriKit must be used. Privacy: Siri does not transmit audio recordings to the app — only the recognized parameter text. For sensitive actions (payments, messages), user confirmation is mandatory.

Performance and debugging: Intents Extension runs in a separate process with a memory limit of 30–50 MB. For debugging, use the “Intents Extension” scheme in Xcode attached to the Siri process. Logs are output to the device console. App Intents are debugged through the Shortcuts app on the device. INInteraction is saved locally and used by Siri for suggestions — delete outdated interactions via INInteraction delete.