UITableView：iOS 应用中的列表和单元格基础

// 使用自定义单元格创建表格
class ContactListController: UIViewController {

    private let tableView = UITableView(frame: .zero, style: .insetGrouped)

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        tableView.register(UITableViewCell.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "cell")
        tableView.dataSource = self
        tableView.delegate = self
        tableView.rowHeight = 60
        view.addSubview(tableView)

        // Auto Layout
        tableView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            tableView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor),
            tableView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor),
            tableView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor),
            tableView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor)
        ])
    }
}

extension ContactListController: UITableViewDataSource {

    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
        contacts.count
    }

    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "cell", for: indexPath)
        let contact = contacts[indexPath.row]

        var content = cell.defaultContentConfiguration()
        content.text = contact.name
        content.secondaryText = contact.phone
        content.image = UIImage(systemName: "person.circle")
        cell.contentConfiguration = content

        return cell
    }
}

// 多个部分和编辑的示例
extension ContactListController: UITableViewDelegate {

    // 每行的自定义高度
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         heightForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGFloat {
        80
    }

    // 处理选择
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
        tableView.deselectRow(at: indexPath, animated: true)
        let contact = contacts[indexPath.row]
        showDetail(for: contact)
    }

    // 滑动删除
    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         trailingSwipeActionsConfigurationForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath)
        -> UISwipeActionsConfiguration? {
        let deleteAction = UIContextualAction(style: .destructive, title: "删除") {
            [weak self] _, _, completion in
            self?.contacts.remove(at: indexPath.row)
            tableView.deleteRows(at: [indexPath], with: .automatic)
            completion(true)
        }
        return UISwipeActionsConfiguration(actions: [deleteAction])
    }
}

// 带缓存的自定义单元格
class ContactCell: UITableViewCell {

    private let avatarView = UIImageView()
    private let nameLabel = UILabel()
    private let subtitleLabel = UILabel()

    override init(style: UITableViewCell.Style, reuseIdentifier: String?) {
        super.init(style: style, reuseIdentifier: reuseIdentifier)
        setupViews()
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    private func setupViews() {
        contentView.addSubview(avatarView)
        contentView.addSubview(nameLabel)
        contentView.addSubview(subtitleLabel)

        // 配置 Auto Layout 约束
        avatarView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        // ... 约束 ...
    }

    func configure(with contact: Contact) {
        nameLabel.text = contact.name
        subtitleLabel.text = contact.phone
        // 异步加载头像
    }

    override func prepareForReuse() {
        super.prepareForReuse()
        avatarView.image = nil
        nameLabel.text = nil
        subtitleLabel.text = nil
    }
}

// 注册和使用
tableView.register(ContactCell.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "contactCell")

// 在 cellForRowAt：中
let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "contactCell", for: indexPath) as! ContactCell
cell.configure(with: contacts[indexPath.row])
return cell

// 使用预取进行优化
extension ContactListController: UITableViewDataSourcePrefetching {

    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         prefetchRowsAt indexPaths: [IndexPath]) {
        for indexPath in indexPaths {
            let contact = contacts[indexPath.row]
            ImageCache.shared.prefetch(url: contact.avatarUrl)
        }
    }

    func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView,
                         cancelPrefetchingForRowsAt indexPaths: [IndexPath]) {
        for indexPath in indexPaths {
            let contact = contacts[indexPath.row]
            ImageCache.shared.cancelPrefetch(url: contact.avatarUrl)
        }
    }
}

// 使用 DiffableDataSource 实现流畅更新
class ModernTableController: UIViewController {

    private var dataSource: UITableViewDiffableDataSource<Section, Contact>!

    func applyContacts(_ contacts: [Contact]) {
        var snapshot = NSDiffableDataSourceSnapshot<Section, Contact>()
        snapshot.appendSections([.main])
        snapshot.appendItems(contacts)
        dataSource.apply(snapshot, animatingDifferences: true)
    }
}