ListView：是什么，Android 应用中的简单列表

// 使用 ArrayAdapter 的 ListView（简单文本）
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var binding: ActivityMainBinding
    private val countries = listOf(
        "俄罗斯", "美国", "德国",
        "法国", "日本", "中国", "巴西"
    )

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(binding.root)

        val adapter = ArrayAdapter<String>(
            this,
            android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
            countries
        )
        binding.listView.adapter = adapter

        // 点击处理
        binding.listView.onItemClickListener =
            AdapterView.OnItemClickListener { _, _, position, _ ->
                Toast.makeText(this, countries[position], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
    }
}

<!-- ListView 布局 -->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:divider="@color/divider"
        android:dividerHeight="1px"
        android:scrollbars="vertical" />
</LinearLayout>

// 数据模型
data class Product(
    name: String,
    price: String,
    imageResId: Int
)

// 带有 ViewHolder 的自定义适配器
class ProductAdapter(
    context: Context,
    private val products: List<Product>
) : ArrayAdapter<Product>(context, 0, products) {

    // 用于缓存的 ViewHolder
    private class ViewHolder(view: View) {
        val nameText: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.tvName)
        val priceText: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.tvPrice)
        val imageView: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.ivProduct)
    }

    override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View {
        val view = convertView ?: LayoutInflater.from(context)
            .inflate(R.layout.item_product, parent, false)
            .also { it.tag = ViewHolder(it) }

        val holder = view.tag as ViewHolder
        val product = getItem(position)

        holder.nameText.text = product.name
        holder.priceText.text = product.price
        holder.imageView.setImageResource(product.imageResId)

        return view
    }
}

<!-- item_product.xml — ListView 元素布局 -->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:padding="12dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivProduct"
        android:layout_width="56dp"
        android:layout_height="56dp"
        android:scaleType="centerCrop" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:paddingStart="12dp">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tvName"
            android:textSize="16sp"
            android:textStyle="bold" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tvPrice"
            android:textSize="14sp"
            android:textColor="@color/price" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>