Fragment：什么是Fragment、Android中的Fragment和FragmentManager

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        // 如果Fragment尚未添加——我们创建
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            val transaction = this.supportFragmentManager
                .beginTransaction()
            transaction.add(R.id.fragment_container, ListFragment())
            transaction.addToBackStack(null)
            transaction.commit()
        }
    }

    fun replaceFragment(fragment: Fragment) {
        supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            .replace(R.id.fragment_container, fragment)
            .addToBackStack(null)
            .commit()
    }
}

class DetailFragment : Fragment() {

    private var _binding: FragmentDetailBinding? = null
    private val binding get() = _binding!!

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View {
        _binding = FragmentDetailBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
        return binding.root
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        binding.textTitle.setText("详情")
    }

    override fun onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView()
        _binding = null
    }
}

// 两个Fragment共享的ViewModel
class SharedViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _selectedItem = MutableLiveData<Item>()
    val selectedItem: LiveData<Item> = _selectedItem

    fun select(item: Item) { _selectedItem.setValue(item) }
}

// Fragment A：通过Fragment Result API发送事件
setFragmentResult("request_key", bundleOf("key" to "value"))

// Fragment B：接收事件
childFragmentManager.setFragmentResultListener("request_key", this) { requestKey, bundle ->
    val value = bundle.getString("key")
}

<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    app:startDestination="@+id/listFragment">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/listFragment"
        android:name=".ListFragment"
        android:label="列表">
        <action
            android:id="@+id/action_list_to_detail"
            app:destination="@+id/detailFragment" />
    </fragment>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/detailFragment"
        android:name=".DetailFragment"
        android:label="详情" />
</navigation>