React Hooks — 什么是Hooks、基本Hooks和使用规则

import React, { useState } from 'react';

function Form() {
  const [text, setText] = useState('');
  const [submitting, setSubmitting] = useState(false);

  async function handleSubmit() {
    setSubmitting(true);
    await fetch('/api/submit', {
      method: 'POST',
      body: JSON.stringify({ text })
    });
    setSubmitting(false);
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <input
        value={text}
        onChange={e => setText(e.target.value)}
      />
      <button onClick={handleSubmit}
        disabled={submitting}>
        {submitting ? 'Saving...' : 'Submit'}
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function ChatRoom({ roomId }) {
  const [messages, setMessages] = useState([]);

  useEffect(() => {
    const socket = new WebSocket(`wss://chat/${roomId}`);

    socket.onmessage = (event) => {
      setMessages(prev => [...prev, JSON.parse(event.data)]);
    };

    // 清理 - 关闭套接字
    return () => socket.close();
  }, [roomId]);

  return <ul>
    {messages.map((msg, i) =>
      <li key={i}>{msg.text}</li>
    )}
  </ul>;
}

import React, { createContext, useContext } from 'react';

const ThemeContext = createContext('亮色');

function ThemedButton() {
  const theme = useContext(ThemeContext);

  return <button
    className={`btn btn-${theme}`}
  >
    {theme === 'dark' ? 'moon' : '☀️'}
  </button>;
}

import React, { useReducer } from 'react';

function reducer(state, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'increment':
      return { ...state, count: state.count + 1 };
    case 'setStep':
      return { ...state, step: action.step };
    case 'reset':
      return { count: 0, step: 1 };
    default:
      throw new Error('Unknown action: ' + action.type);
  }
}

function Counter() {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, {
    count: 0,
    step: 1
  });

  return (
    <>
      <p>Count: {state.count}</p>
      <button
        onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'increment' })}>+</button>
      <button
        onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'reset' })}>Reset</button>
    </>
  );
}

import React, { useRef, useMemo, useCallback } from 'react';

function SearchPage({ items, query, onItemSelect }) {
  const inputRef = useRef(null);

  // 挂载时自动聚焦
  useEffect(() => {
    inputRef.current?.focus();
  }, []);

  // 记忆过滤后的结果
  const filtered = useMemo(() => {
    return items.filter(item =>
      item.name.toLowerCase()
        .includes(query.toLowerCase())
    );
  }, [items, query]);

  // 记忆回调
  const handleSelect = useCallback((id) => {
    onItemSelect(id);
  }, [onItemSelect]);

  return (
    <div>
      <input ref={inputRef}
        value={query}
        onChange={e => setQuery(e.target.value)}
      />
      <ul>
        {filtered.map(item =>
          <li key={item.id}>
            <button
              onClick={() => handleSelect(item.id)}>
              {item.name}
            </button>
          </li>
        )}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}