Background：基础知识，iOS 和 Android 应用程序在后台运行

import UIKit
import BackgroundTasks

@main
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

    var backgroundTaskID: UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier = .invalid

    // 应用程序进入后台 — 开始后台任务
    func applicationDidEnterBackground(_ application: UIApplication) {
        saveAppState()
        startBackgroundTask()
    }

    private func startBackgroundTask() {
        backgroundTaskID = UIApplication.shared.beginBackgroundTask { [weak self] in
            // 时间到了 — 强制结束
            self?.endBackgroundTask()
        }

        // 模拟后台工作（将数据保存到服务器）
        DispatchQueue.global().async { [weak self] in
            uploadAnalyticsData()
            self?.endBackgroundTask()
        }
    }

    private func endBackgroundTask() {
        guard backgroundTaskID != .invalid else { return }
        UIApplication.shared.endBackgroundTask(backgroundTaskID)
        backgroundTaskID = .invalid
    }

    // 注册 BGTaskScheduler
    func application(
        _ application: UIApplication,
        didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?
    ) -> Bool {
        BGTaskScheduler.shared.register(
            forTaskWithIdentifier: "com.example.refresh",
            using: nil
        ) { task in
            handleAppRefresh(task: task as! BGAppRefreshTask)
        }
        return true
    }

    func scheduleAppRefresh() {
        let request = BGAppRefreshTaskRequest(identifier: "com.example.refresh")
        request.earliestBeginDate = Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 3600)
        try? BGTaskScheduler.shared.submit(request)
    }

    func handleAppRefresh(task: BGAppRefreshTask) {
        scheduleAppRefresh()
        task.expirationHandler = { task.setTaskCompleted(success: false) }
        fetchLatestData { result in
            task.setTaskCompleted(success: result)
        }
    }
}

import android.app.Service
import android.content.Intent
import android.os.IBinder
import androidx.work.*

// 1. Foreground Service 用于长时间后台工作
class SyncService : Service() {

    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
        val notification = createNotification()
        startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification)
        performBackgroundWork()
        return START_STICKY
    }

    private fun performBackgroundWork() {
        Thread {
            // 与服务器同步数据
            syncDataToServer()
            stopForeground(STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE)
            stopSelf()
        }.start()
    }

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder? = null
}

// 2. WorkManager 用于延迟的后台任务
class DataSyncWorker(
    private val context: Context,
    private val params: WorkerParameters
) : CoroutineWorker(context, params) {

    override suspend fun doWork(): Result {
        return try {
            // 将分析数据上传到服务器
            uploadAnalytics()
            Result.success()
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            if (runAttemptCount < 3) Result.retry() else Result.failure()
        }
    }
}

// 计划 WorkManager 任务
fun scheduleBackgroundSync(context: Context) {
    val constraints = Constraints.Builder()
        .setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.CONNECTED)
        .setRequiresBatteryNotLow(true)
        .build()

    val request = OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<DataSyncWorker>()
        .setConstraints(constraints)
        .setBackoffCriteria(BackoffPolicy.EXPONENTIAL, 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build()

    WorkManager.getInstance(context).enqueue(request)
}

import UIKit

final class BackgroundTaskManager {
    static let shared = BackgroundTaskManager()
    private var tasks: [String: UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier] = [:]

    func startTask(name: String, expiration: @escaping () -> Void) {
        let remaining = UIApplication.shared.backgroundTimeRemaining
        print("后台剩余时间：\(remaining) 秒")

        let task = UIApplication.shared.beginBackgroundTask { [weak self] in
            print("任务时间已到：\(name)")
            expiration()
            self?.endTask(name: name)
        }

        tasks[name] = task
    }

    func endTask(name: String) {
        guard let task = tasks.removeValue(forKey: name),
              task != .invalid
        else { return }
        UIApplication.shared.endBackgroundTask(task)
    }
}