CBPeripheral：是什么、方法以及iOS上BLE外设的管理

import CoreBluetooth

extension BLEViewController: CBPeripheralDelegate {

    // 1. 服务发现
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
                     didDiscoverServices error: Error?) {
        guard let services = peripheral.services else { return }

        for service in services {
            // 为每个服务请求特征
            peripheral.discoverCharacteristics(nil, for: service)
        }
    }

    // 2. 特征发现
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
                     didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService,
                     error: Error?) {
        guard let characteristics = service.characteristics else { return }

        for characteristic in characteristics {
            if characteristic.properties.contains(.read) {
                peripheral.readValue(for: characteristic)
            }
            if characteristic.properties.contains(.notify) {
                peripheral.setNotifyValue(true, for: characteristic)
            }
        }
    }

    // 3. 读取值
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
                     didUpdateValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic,
                     error: Error?) {
        guard let data = characteristic.value,
              let value = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)
        else { return }
        print("Characteristic value: \(value)")
    }
}

// CBPeripheral特征读取和写入
class BLEService {

    private let peripheral: CBPeripheral
    private let serviceUUID = CBUUID(string: "180D")
    private let charUUID = CBUUID(string: "2A37")

    init(peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
        self.peripheral = peripheral
    }

    // 带确认读取
    func readHeartRate() {
        guard let service = peripheral.services?.first(where: { $0.uuid == serviceUUID }),
              let characteristic = service.characteristics?.first(where: { $0.uuid == charUUID })
        else { return }
        peripheral.readValue(for: characteristic)
    }

    // 带确认写入（withResponse）
    func writeWithResponse(data: Data) {
        guard let characteristic = findCharacteristic() else { return }
        peripheral.writeValue(data, for: characteristic,
                             type: .withResponse)
    }

    // 无确认写入（withoutResponse）
    // 最大吞吐量，不保证送达
    func writeWithoutResponse(data: Data) {
        guard let characteristic = findCharacteristic() else { return }
        peripheral.writeValue(data, for: characteristic,
                             type: .withoutResponse)
    }

    private func findCharacteristic() -> CBCharacteristic? {
        return peripheral.services?
            .flatMap { $0.characteristics ?? [] }
            .first(where: { $0.uuid == charUUID })
    }
}

// CBPeripheral通知订阅管理
class NotificationManager: NSObject {

    private var peripheral: CBPeripheral?
    private var subscribedCharacteristics: Set<CBUUID> = []

    // 订阅所有.notify特征的通知
    func subscribeToAllNotifications(peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
        self.peripheral = peripheral

        guard let services = peripheral.services else { return }

        for service in services {
            guard let characteristics = service.characteristics else { continue }

            for characteristic in characteristics {
                if characteristic.properties.contains(.notify)
                    || characteristic.properties.contains(.indicate) {
                    peripheral.setNotifyValue(true, for: characteristic)
                    subscribedCharacteristics.insert(characteristic.uuid)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 取消所有通知的订阅
    func unsubscribeFromAll() {
        guard let peripheral = peripheral else { return }
        guard let services = peripheral.services else { return }

        for service in services {
            guard let characteristics = service.characteristics else { continue }

            for characteristic in characteristics {
                if subscribedCharacteristics.contains(characteristic.uuid) {
                    peripheral.setNotifyValue(false, for: characteristic)
                }
            }
        }
        subscribedCharacteristics.removeAll()
    }

    // 通知处理程序
    func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
                     didUpdateNotificationStateFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic,
                     error: Error?) {
        if characteristic.isNotifying {
            print("Subscription active: \(characteristic.uuid)")
        } else {
            print("Subscription inactive: \(characteristic.uuid)")
        }
    }
}

import CoreBluetooth

// 使用async/await的完整CBPeripheral管理示例
class BLEConnection: NSObject {

    private let centralManager: CBCentralManager
    private var peripheral: CBPeripheral?
    private var continuation: CheckedContinuation<Void, Error>?

    override init() {
        centralManager = CBCentralManager(delegate: nil, queue: .main)
        super.init()
        centralManager.delegate = self
    }

    // 1. 连接到外设
    func connect(to peripheral: CBPeripheral) async throws {
        self.peripheral = peripheral
        peripheral.delegate = self
        centralManager.connect(peripheral, options: nil)

        try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
            self.continuation = continuation
        }
    }

    // 2. 发现  
    func discoverServices() async throws {
        guard let peripheral = peripheral else {
            throw BLEError.notConnected
        }
        peripheral.discoverServices(nil)
        try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
            self.continuation = continuation
        }
    }
}

// 3. CBCentralManager
extension BLEConnection: CBCentralManagerDelegate {
    func centralManagerDidUpdateState(_ central: CBCentralManager) {
        // 处理蓝牙设备状态
    }

    func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager,
                        didConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
        continuation?.resume()
        continuation = nil
    }

    func centralManager(_ central: CBCentralManager,
                        didFailToConnect peripheral: CBPeripheral,
                        error: Error?) {
        continuation?.resume(throwing: error ?? BLEError.connectionFailed)
        continuation = nil
    }
}

enum BLEError: Error {
    case notConnected
    case connectionFailed
    case serviceNotFound
    case characteristicNotFound
}