移动应用中的高对比度(High Contrast) — 什么是高对比度、无障碍与对比度设置

import UIKit

class ContrastManager {

    // 检查Increase Contrast状态
    static var isIncreaseContrastEnabled: Bool {
        return UIAccessibility.isDarkerSystemColorsEnabled
    }

    // 检查Reduce Transparency
    static var isReduceTransparencyEnabled: Bool {
        return UIAccessibility.isReduceTransparencyEnabled
    }

    // 调整颜色以适应高对比度模式
    static func adjustedAccentColor() -> UIColor {
        guard isIncreaseContrastEnabled else {
            return .systemBlue
        }
        // 高对比度活动时更饱和的蓝色
        return UIColor(red: 0.0, green: 0.35, blue: 0.9, alpha: 1.0)
    }

    // 考虑Reduce Transparency的背景颜色
    static func backgroundColor() -> UIColor {
        if isReduceTransparencyEnabled {
            return .systemBackground // 不透明背景
        }
        return UIColor.systemBackground.withAlphaComponent(0.85)
    }

    // 订阅更改
    static func observeChanges(observer: Any, selector: Selector) {
        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            observer,
            selector: selector,
            name: UIAccessibility.darkerSystemColorsStatusDidChangeNotification,
            object: nil
        )
        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            observer,
            selector: selector,
            name: UIAccessibility.reduceTransparencyStatusDidChangeNotification,
            object: nil
        )
    }
}

// 使用示例：UINavigationBar
func applyContrastToNavigationBar(_ navBar: UINavigationBar) {
    if ContrastManager.isIncreaseContrastEnabled {
        navBar.isTranslucent = false
        navBar.barTintColor = ContrastManager.backgroundColor()
        navBar.titleTextAttributes = [
            .foregroundColor: UIColor.label,
            .font: UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 18)
        ]
    }
}

import android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService
import android.content.Context
import android.provider.Settings
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityManager
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color

class HighContrastHelper {

    // 通过AccessibilityManager检查
    fun isHighContrastTextEnabled(context: Context): Boolean {
        val am = context.getSystemService(
            Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE
        ) as AccessibilityManager
        return am.isEnabled && am.getEnabledAccessibilityServiceList(
            AccessibilityService.FEEDBACK_ALL_MASK
        ).any { it.resolveInfo.serviceInfo.packageName ==
            "com.android.server.accessibility" }
    }

    // 通过全局设置检查
    fun isHighContrastFromSettings(context: Context): Boolean {
        return try {
            Settings.System.getInt(
                context.contentResolver,
                "high_text_contrast_enabled"
            ) == 1
        } catch (e: Settings.SettingNotFoundException) {
            false
        }
    }

    // Jetpack Compose — 考虑对比度的颜色
    @Composable
    fun contrastAwareColors(): Pair<Color, Color> {
        val context = androidx.compose.ui.platform.LocalContext.current
        return if (isHighContrastTextEnabled(context)) {
            Color.White to Color.Black
        } else {
            Color.Black to Color.White
        }
    }
}

// View系统：动态颜色选择器
class ContrastTextView @JvmOverloads constructor(
    context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null
) : AppCompatTextView(context, attrs) {

    private val helper = HighContrastHelper()

    override fun onAttachedToWindow() {
        super.onAttachedToWindow()
        if (helper.isHighContrastTextEnabled(context)) {
            setTextColor(Color.WHITE)
            setBackgroundColor(Color.BLACK)
            setTypeface(getTypeface(), Typeface.BOLD)
        }
    }
}

// 根据WCAG 2.2计算对比度
class ContrastChecker {

    // 将sRGB转换为线性空间
    linearize(channel) {
        const s = channel / 255
        return s <= 0.04045
            ? s / 12.92
            : Math.pow((s + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4)
    }

    // 相对亮度(relative luminance)
    relativeLuminance(r, g, b) {
        const R = this.linearize(r)
        const G = this.linearize(g)
        const B = this.linearize(b)
        return 0.2126 * R + 0.7152 * G + 0.0722 * B
    }

    // 两种颜色之间的对比度
    getContrastRatio(hex1, hex2) {
        const rgb1 = this.hexToRgb(hex1)
        const rgb2 = this.hexToRgb(hex2)
        const L1 = this.relativeLuminance(rgb1.r, rgb1.g, rgb1.b)
        const L2 = this.relativeLuminance(rgb2.r, rgb2.g, rgb2.b)
        const lighter = Math.max(L1, L2)
        const darker = Math.min(L1, L2)
        return (lighter + 0.05) / (darker + 0.05)
    }

    hexToRgb(hex) {
        const result = /^#?([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})([a-f\d]{2})$/i.exec(hex)
        return result ? {
            r: parseInt(result[1], 16),
            g: parseInt(result[2], 16),
            b: parseInt(result[3], 16),
        } : null
    }

    // 检查AA级别(4.5:1)
    passesAA(hex1, hex2) {
        return this.getContrastRatio(hex1, hex2) >= 4.5
    }

    // 检查AAA级别(7:1)
    passesAAA(hex1, hex2) {
        return this.getContrastRatio(hex1, hex2) >= 7.0
    }
}

// 使用
const checker = new ContrastChecker()
console.log(checker.getContrastRatio("#333333", "#FFFFFF"))
// → 13.2:1 (AAA)
console.log(checker.passesAA("#999999", "#FFFFFF"))
// → false (2.8:1)

/* 基本样式(no-preference) */
.card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    color: #333;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.button {
    background: #0066CC;
    color: #FFFFFF;
    border: none;
    padding: 12px 24px;
}

/* 高对比度：more */
@media (prefers-contrast: more) {
    .card {
        background: #FFFFFF;
        border: 2px solid #000000;
        color: #000000;
        box-shadow: none;
    }

    .button {
        background: #004499;
        outline: 2px solid #000000;
        outline-offset: 2px;
    }

    .muted-text {
        color: #000000; // 原来是#666 — 现在是黑色
    }

    .overlay {
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); // 原来是0.4 — 已增强
    }
}

/* 低对比度：less */
@media (prefers-contrast: less) {
    .card {
        border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
        box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    }
}