Data Binding — kiến thức cơ bản, ràng buộc hai chiều trong Android

<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <data>
        <variable
            name="viewModel"
            type="com.example.app.LoginViewModel" />
    </data>

    <LinearLayout ...>
        <!-- Một chiều: dữ liệu từ ViewModel đến TextView -->
        <TextView
            android:text="@{viewModel.userName}" />

        <!-- Hai chiều: thay đổi EditText → ViewModel, ViewModel → EditText -->
        <EditText
            android:text="@{=viewModel.email}" />

        <CheckBox
            android:checked="@{=viewModel.agreeToTerms}" />
    </LinearLayout>
</layout>

// BindingAdapter để tải hình ảnh qua URL
@BindingAdapter("imageUrl")
fun ImageView.setImageUrl(url: String?) {
    Glide.with(this.context)
        .load(url)
        .placeholder(R.drawable.placeholder)
        .error(R.drawable.error)
        .into(this)
}

// BindingAdapter với nhiều thuộc tính
@BindingAdapter("visibleGone")
fun View.setVisibleGone(visible: Boolean) {
    visibility = if (visible) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
}

// BindingAdapter với bộ chuyển đổi (formatDate)
@BindingAdapter("formattedDate")
fun TextView.setFormattedDate(timestamp: Long) {
    text = SimpleDateFormat("dd.MM.yyyy", Locale.getDefault()).format(Date(timestamp))
}

<!-- Sử dụng BindingAdapter trong XML -->
<ImageView
    imageUrl="@{user.avatarUrl}"
    android:layout_width="48dp"
    android:layout_height="48dp" />

<TextView
    formattedDate="@{message.createdAt}"
    visibleGone="@{message.isVisible}" />

// ViewModel với LiveData
class WeatherViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _temperature = MutableLiveData("--")
    val temperature: LiveData<String> get() = _temperature

    val cityName = MutableLiveData("Moscow")
    val weatherIcon = MutableLiveData(R.drawable.ic_sunny)

    fun refresh() {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _temperature.value = weatherRepository.getTemperature()
        }
    }
}

// Trong Fragment:
val binding = FragmentWeatherBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
binding.viewModel = weatherViewModel
binding.lifecycleOwner = viewLifecycleOwner  // ← bắt buộc cho LiveData

<layout>
    <data>
        <variable name="viewModel" type="com.example.app.WeatherViewModel" />
    </data>

    <LinearLayout ...>
        <TextView
            android:text="@string/temperature_format(viewModel.temperature)" />
        <TextView android:text="@{viewModel.cityName}" />
        <ImageView
            android:src="@{viewModel.weatherIcon}"
            contentDescription="@{viewModel.cityName}" />
    </LinearLayout>
</layout>

<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <data>
        <variable name="profile" type="com.example.app.ProfileViewModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout...>
        <ImageView
            app:imageUrl="@{profile.avatarUrl}"
            android:contentDescription="@{profile.name}" />

        <TextView
            android:text="@{profile.name}"
            android:textStyle="bold" />

        <TextView
            android:text="@{profile.bio}"
            android:visibility="@{profile.hasBio ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}" />

        <Button
            android:onClick="@{() -> profile.onEdit()}"
            android:text="@string/edit" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout...>
</layout>

class ProfileViewModel : ViewModel() {
    val name = ObservableField("Anna Petrova")
    val bio = ObservableField("Nhà phát triển Android, 5 năm kinh nghiệm")
    val avatarUrl = ObservableField("https://example.com/avatar.jpg")
    val hasBio = ObservableBoolean(true)

    fun onEdit() {
        // Logic chỉnh sửa hồ sơ
    }
}

// Trong Fragment:
val binding = FragmentProfileBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
binding.profile = profileViewModel
binding.lifecycleOwner = viewLifecycleOwner

<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <data>
        <variable name="login" type="com.example.app.LoginViewModel" />
    </data>

    <LinearLayout ...>
        <TextInputLayout>
            <TextInputEditText
                android:text="@{=login.email}"
                android:hint="@string/email_hint" />
        </TextInputLayout>

        <TextInputLayout>
            <TextInputEditText
                android:text="@{=login.password}"
                android:inputType="textPassword" />
        </TextInputLayout>

        <Button
            android:onClick="@{() -> login.onLogin()}"
            android:enabled="@{login.isValid}"
            android:text="@string/login" />

        <ProgressBar
            android:visibility="@{login.isLoading ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}" />
    </LinearLayout>
</layout>