CAAnimation — ключові поняття, CAAnimationGroup та анімації шарів

import QuartzCore

// CAAnimationGroup — комбінація анімацій
func complexLayerAnimation(_ layer: CALayer) {
    let fade = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "opacity")
    fade.fromValue = 1.0
    fade.toValue = 0.3

    let scale = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "transform.scale")
    scale.fromValue = 1.0
    scale.toValue = 1.5

    let rotate = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "transform.rotation.z")
    rotate.fromValue = 0
    rotate.toValue = Double.pi * 2

    let group = CAAnimationGroup()
    group.animations = [fade, scale, rotate]
    group.duration = 2.0
    group.repeatCount = .infinity
    group.autoreverses = true

    layer.add(group, forKey: "pulse")
}

// CAKeyframeAnimation — рух по траєкторії
func animateAlongPath(_ layer: CALayer) {
    let path = UIBezierPath()
    path.move(to: CGPoint(x: 0, y: 0))
    path.addCurve(
        to: CGPoint(x: 200, y: 300),
        controlPoint1: CGPoint(x: 100, y: 0),
        controlPoint2: CGPoint(x: 100, y: 300)
    )

    let anim = CAKeyframeAnimation(keyPath: "position")
    anim.path = path.cgPath
    anim.duration = 1.5
    anim.calculationMode = .cubicPaced
    anim.rotationMode = .auto
    anim.fillMode = .forwards
    anim.isRemovedOnCompletion = false

    layer.add(anim, forKey: "pathAnim")
    layer.position = CGPoint(x: 200, y: 300)
}

// CAKeyframeAnimation з кастомними значеннями
func bounceAnimation(_ layer: CALayer) {
    let bounce = CAKeyframeAnimation(keyPath: "position.y")
    bounce.values = [0, -50, 0, -25, 0, -10, 0]
    bounce.keyTimes = [0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0]
    bounce.duration = 0.8
    bounce.timingFunction = CAMediaTimingFunction(name: .easeOut)
    bounce.isAdditive = true // відносно поточної позиції
    layer.add(bounce, forKey: nil)
}

import UIKit
import QuartzCore

class AnimationDemoView: UIView {

    private let demoLayer = CALayer()
    private var currentColor: CGColor = UIColor.systemBlue.cgColor

    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()
        demoLayer.frame = CGRect(x: bounds.midX - 40, y: bounds.midY - 40,
                                 width: 80, height: 80)
        demoLayer.backgroundColor = currentColor
        demoLayer.cornerRadius = 12
        layer.addSublayer(demoLayer)
    }

    func animateTransition() {
        // CATransition — перехід між станами
        let transition = CATransition()
        transition.type = .fade
        transition.duration = 0.5
        transition.timingFunction = CAMediaTimingFunction(name: .easeInEaseOut)
        demoLayer.add(transition, forKey: nil)

        // Змінюємо вміст через транзакцію
        currentColor = currentColor == UIColor.systemBlue.cgColor
            ? UIColor.systemRed.cgColor
            : UIColor.systemBlue.cgColor
        demoLayer.backgroundColor = currentColor
    }

    func startPulse() {
        let scaleUp = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "transform.scale")
        scaleUp.fromValue = 1.0
        scaleUp.toValue = 1.3

        let fadeOut = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "opacity")
        fadeOut.fromValue = 1.0
        fadeOut.toValue = 0.6

        let glow = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "shadowOpacity")
        glow.fromValue = 0.0
        glow.toValue = 0.8

        let group = CAAnimationGroup()
        group.animations = [scaleUp, fadeOut, glow]
        group.duration = 1.2
        group.autoreverses = true
        group.repeatCount = .infinity
        group.timingFunction = CAMediaTimingFunction(name: .easeInEaseOut)

        demoLayer.add(group, forKey: "pulse")
    }

    func stopAnimations() {
        demoLayer.removeAllAnimations()
        demoLayer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity
        demoLayer.opacity = 1.0
        demoLayer.shadowOpacity = 0.0
    }
}